[MySQL 相关]生产环境和开发环境同一条语句 explain 都不一样，以及到底走没走索引呢？

源于领导让优化 sql 语句，网上搜了半天自己摸索了半天

SELECT
	a.order_name AS "orderName",
	a.recipe_name AS "recipeName",
	a.part_no AS "partNo",
	a.part_type AS "partType",
	SUM( weight_set ) AS weightSet,
	SUM( weight_act ) AS weightAct,
	a.create_by AS "createBy.id",
	a.create_date AS "createDate",
	a.update_by AS "updateBy.id",
	a.update_date AS "updateDate",
	a.remarks AS "remarks",
	a.del_flag AS "delFlag" 
FROM
	mes_compound_component a USE index (update_date)
WHERE
	a.del_flag = '0' 
	AND a.is_invalid = '0' 
	AND a.update_date BETWEEN "2022-12-01 00:00:00" AND "2023-02-01 16:22:57"
	AND a.recipe_name like "%B-%"
GROUP BY
	a.part_no
ORDER BY
	a.recipe_name
> OK
> 查询时间: 0.934s

但是 explain 的结果是这样的 开发环境 MYSQL

生产环境用的 explain 生产环境 MYSQL

开发环境： 如果使用 force index 的话要 20s 才能查出数据，但是使用 use index 的话就是 1s 不到。用的是普通的固态硬盘 生产环境： 不管 force index 或者是 use index 都要 180s 左右，而且目测是机械硬盘组成的服务器。

现在想请教一下到底怎么办才可以让服务器也能优化到 20s 以内的查询？